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Bitumen 85/100
Bitumen 85/100, commonly known as paving grade bitumen, plays a crucial role in construction and infrastructure development due to its remarkable versatility and durability. It is widely recognized for its strong adhesive properties, making it ideal for use in applications such as road paving, waterproofing, and other construction needs. The material is especially valued for its ability to provide a strong bond, which is essential for creating durable and long-lasting surfaces that can withstand heavy traffic and extreme weather conditions. Its widespread use in road construction ensures that roadways remain resilient and reliable over time, contributing to safer driving conditions and enhanced infrastructure longevity. Bitumen 85/100 is also used in various industrial sectors where waterproofing and adhesive solutions are required, further highlighting its diverse range of applications.
The production of Bitumen 85/100 involves the distillation of crude oil, which results in a material with medium viscosity and a balance between hardness and flexibility. This grading makes it suitable for moderate climates, providing optimal performance in various weather conditions. The production process involves refining bitumen to achieve specific properties, ensuring it meets the necessary standards for construction purposes. Environmental considerations play an important role in the use of Bitumen 85/100, as it is derived from petroleum, a non-renewable resource. However, innovations in recycling and sustainable practices are helping to reduce the environmental impact of bitumen, with many road projects now incorporating recycled materials to minimize waste and lower carbon footprints. As a result, Bitumen 85/100 continues to be a vital material in infrastructure development, offering a combination of strength, flexibility, and environmental responsibility.
Properties
Bitumen 85/100 is characterized by its penetration grade, which measures consistency. The 85-100 range indicates the depth (in tenths of a millimeter) a standard needle penetrates the bitumen under controlled conditions (25°C for 5 seconds):
- Relatively softer consistency: Ideal for flexible and durable constructions.
- Balanced stiffness and flexibility: Ensures resistance to deformation while accommodating movements in underlying layers.
- Adhesive strength: Provides excellent bonding in asphalt mixtures.
Applications
1. Road Construction
The primary use of bitumen 85/100 is as a binder in asphalt mixtures for:
- Roads
- Highways
- Runways
Its flexibility prevents cracking by accommodating movements caused by traffic loads and thermal expansion. The adhesive properties ensure aggregates bind well, creating durable and long-lasting road surfaces.
2. Waterproofing
Bitumen 85/100 is extensively used in roofing for manufacturing:
- Roofing sheets
- Shingles
- Membranes
It forms seamless, watertight layers, protecting buildings from water infiltration and enhancing their lifespan.
Production Process
The production of bitumen 85/100 involves fractional distillation of crude oil, where heavier residues are separated. Further refinement tailors the bitumen to meet specific penetration grades and performance properties. Key factors influencing production include:
- Crude oil quality
- Refining techniques
Environmental Considerations
Despite its benefits, the production and use of bitumen 85/100 have environmental implications:
- Carbon emissions: Result from crude oil extraction and refining processes.
- Waste management: Generated by construction activities.
To address these challenges, the industry is adopting sustainable practices, including:
- Recycled materials: Incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) into mixtures.
- Alternative binders: Researching bio-based or less polluting alternatives.
Conclusion
Bitumen 85/100 remains indispensable in construction due to its unique balance of flexibility, stiffness, and durability. Its ability to withstand heavy loads, environmental stresses, and water infiltration makes it essential for road paving and waterproofing applications. While environmental concerns persist, ongoing innovations and sustainability initiatives ensure its continued relevance in modern infrastructure development.
Packaging Options
- Bulk
- New Steel Drum
- 1 MT Jumbo Bag
- 300 kg Bitubag
- Bitutainer
| Bitumen 85/100 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | Specification | Test Method |
| Penetration @ 25 °C | 0.1 mm | 60-70 | ASTM D-5 |
| Specific gravity @ 25 °C | gr/cm3 | 1.01-1.060 | ASTM D-70 |
| Softening Point | °C | 46-56 | ASTM D-36 |
| Ductility @ 25 °C | Cm | 100 Min | ASTM D-113 |
| Loss on heating | % wt | 0.2 Max | ASTM D-6 |
| Drop in penetration after heating | % | 20 Max | ASTM D-6 & D-5 |
| Flash Point | °C | 250 Min | ASTM D-92 |
| Solubility in CS2 | % wt | 99.0 Min | ASTM D-4 |
| Organic matter insoluble in CS2 | % wt | 0.2 Max | ASTM D-4 |
| Viscosity @ 60 °C | p | 2000±400 | ASTM D-2171 |
| Spot test | – | Negative | *A.A.S.H.O.T.102 |
| Different bitumen penetration Grades | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | 30/40 | 50/70 | 100/120 | 160/220 | 200/300 | Test Method |
| Penetration @ 25 °C | 0.1 mm | 60-70 | ASTM D-5 | ||||
| Specific gravity @ 25 °C | gr/cm3 | 1.01-1.06 | 1.01-1.06 | 1.01-1.04 | 1.01-1.06 | 1.01±0.05 | ASTM D-70 |
| Penetration @ 25 °C | 0.1 mm | 30-40 | 50-70 | 100-120 | 160-220 | 200-300 | ASTM D-5 |
| Softening Point (R &B) | °C | 55-63 | 46-54 | 42-49 | 35-43 | 34-41 | ASTM D-36 |
| Ductility @ 25 °C | Cm | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ASTM D-113 |
| Loss on heating, Max | % wt | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3 | ASTM D-6 |
| Drop in Penetration after heating, Max | % | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | - | ASTM D-6 & D-5 |
| Flash Point. Min | °C | 250 | 230 | 250 | 220 | 177 | ASTM D-92 |
| Solubility in CS2 | % wt | 99.5 | 99 | 99.5 | 99 | 99 | ASTM D-4 |
| Spot test | - | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | *A.A.S.H.O.T.102 |
| Oxidized Bitumen | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | 85/25 | 95/25 | 90/15 | 9115/15 | Test Method |
| Penetration @ 25°C, 100 gm, 5 Seconds | 0.1 mm | 20/30 | 25/30 | 10/20 | 10/20 | ASTM D-5 |
| Specific gravity @25°C | gr/cm³ | 1.01/1.05 | 1.01/1.05 | 1.01/1.05 | 1.01/1.05 | ASTM D-70 |
| Softening Point (R&B) | °C | 80/90 | 90/100 | 85/95 | 110/120 | ASTM D-36 |
| Loss on heating, Max | % wt | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 Max | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup), Min | °C | 260 | 260 | 225 | 260 | ASTM D 92 |
| Performance Grades Bitumen (PG) | |
|---|---|
| High Temperature Performance | Low Temperature Performance |
| PG 46 | -46, -40, -34 |
| PG 52 | -46, -40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10 |
| PG 58 | -40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10 |
| PG 64 | -40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10 |
| PG 70 | -40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10 |
| PG 76 | -34, -28, -22, -16, -10 |
| PG 82 | -34, -28, -22, -16, -10 |
| Viscosity Grades Bitumen (VG) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | VG 40 | VG 30 | VG 20 | VG 10 | Test Method |
| Absolute Viscosity @ 60°C, Poises | °C | Min. 2200 | Min. 2400 | Min. 1600 | Min. 800 | IS 1206 (Part 2) |
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 135°C | cSt | Min. 400 | Min. 350 | Min. 300 | Min. 250 | IS 1206 (Part 3) |
| Softening Point (R&B) | °C | Min. 50 | Min. 47 | Min. 45 | Min. 40 | IS 1205 |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | °C | Min. 220 | Min. 220 | Min. 220 | Min. 220 | IS 1209 |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene | % | Min. 99 | Min. 99 | Min. 99 | Min. 99 | IS 1206 |
| Penetration @ 25°C (100 grams, 5 seconds) | 0.1 mm | 40-60 | 50-70 | 60-80 | 80-100 | IS 1203 |
| Test on residue from thin film oven tests/RTFOT | ||||||
| (i) Viscosity ratio @ 60°C | °C | Max. 4.0 | Max. 4.0 | Max. 4.0 | Max. 4.0 | IS 1206 (Part 2) |
| (ii) Ductility @ 25°C (Thin film oven test) | Cm | Min. 25 | Min. 40 | Min. 50 | Min. 75 | IS 1208 |
| Specification Gravity @ 27/27 | °C | Min. 0.99 | Min. 0.99 | Min. 0.99 | Min. 0.99 | IS 1202 |
| Conforms to BIS (IS 73:2006) Specifications | ||||||
| Dhaduk Petrochemicals Cutback Bitumen Grades Slow Curing (SC) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | SC70 | SC250 | SC800 | SC3000 | Test Method | ||||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 60°C | CST | 70 | 140 | 250 | 500 | 800 | 1600 | 3000 | 6000 | ASTM D-2170 |
| Flash Point | °C | 66 | - | 79 | - | 93 | - | 107 | - | ASTM D-92 |
| Penetration @ 25°C, 100 gm, 5 Second | CM | 40 | - | 60 | - | 70 | - | 80 | - | ASTM D-5 |
| Distillate, volume percent of total distillate to 360°C | °C | 10 | 30 | 4 | 20 | 2 | 12 | - | 5 | ASTM D-402 |
| Ductility @ 25°C, Min | CM | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | ASTM D-113 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Min | % | 99 | - | 99 | - | 99 | - | 99 | - | ASTM D-2042 |
| Water, Max | %VOL | - | 0.5 | - | 0.5 | - | 0.5 | - | 0.5 | ASTM D-95 |
| Cutback Bitumen Grades Medium Curing (MC) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | Test Method | ||||||||||
| MC30 | MC70 | MC250 | MC800 | MC3000 | ||||||||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 60°C | CST | 30 | 60 | 70 | 140 | 250 | 500 | 800 | 1600 | 3000 | 6000 | ASTM D-2170 |
| Flash Point, Min | °C | 38 | - | 38 | - | 66 | - | 66 | - | 66 | - | ASTM D-92 |
| Penetration @ 25°C, 100 gm, 5 Second | CM | 120 | 250 | 120 | 250 | 120 | 250 | 120 | 250 | 120 | 250 | ASTM D-5 |
| Distillate Test: Distillate, volume percent of total distillate to 360 °C | ASTM D-402 | |||||||||||
| To 225 °C | °C | - | 35 | - | 25 | - | 20 | - | - | - | - | |
| To 260 °C | °C | 30 | 75 | 10 | 70 | 5 | 55 | - | 40 | - | 15 | |
| To 316 °C | °C | 75 | 95 | 65 | 93 | 60 | 90 | 45 | 85 | 15 | 75 | |
| Residue from distillation to 360 °C, Min | %VOL | 50 | - | 55 | - | 67 | - | 75 | - | 80 | - | STM D-402 |
| Ductility @ 25°C, Min | CM | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | ASTM D-113 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Min | % | 99.0 | - | 99.0 | - | 99.0 | - | 99.0 | - | 99.0 | - | ASTM D-4 |
| Water, Max | %VOL | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | ASTM D-95 |
| Cut back Bitumen Grades Rapid Curing (RC) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unit | Specification | Test Method | |||||||||
| RC 30 | RC 70 | RC 250 | RC 800 | RC 3000 | ||||||||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 60°C | CST | 30 | 60 | 70 | 140 | 250 | 300 | 800 | 1600 | 3000 | 6000 | ASTM D-2170 |
| Flash Point | °C | - | - | - | - | 27 | - | 27 | - | 27 | - | ASTM D-92 |
| Penetration @ 25°C, 100 gm, 5 Second | CM | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | ASTM D-5 |
| Residue from distillation to 360 °C, Min | ASTM D-402 | |||||||||||
| To 225 °C | °C | 55 | - | 50 | - | 35 | - | 15 | - | - | - | |
| To 260 °C | °C | 75 | - | 70 | - | 60 | - | 45 | - | 25 | - | |
| To 316 °C | °C | 90 | - | 85 | - | 80 | - | 75 | - | 70 | - | |
| Residue from distillation to 360 °C, Min | %VOL | 50 | - | 55 | - | 65 | - | 75 | - | 80 | - | ASTM D-402 |
| Ductility @ 25°C, Min | CM | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | 100 | - | ASTM D-113 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Min | % | 99 | - | 99 | - | 99 | - | 99 | - | 99 | - | ASTM D-2042 |
| Water, Max | %VOL | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | ASTM D-95 |
| Cut back Bitumen Grades Rapid Curing (RC) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dhaduk Petrochemicals Bitumen Emulsion | Specification of Cationic Bitumen Emulsions | ||||||||||||||||
| Quick Setting | Rapid Setting | Medium Setting | Slow Setting | ||||||||||||||
| CQS 1h | CRS 1 | CRS 2 | CMS 2 | CMS 2h | CSS 1 | CSS 1h | |||||||||||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | ||||
| Viscosity, Say bolt Furol @ 25°C SFs | 20 | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 | 100 | 20 | 100 | |||
| Viscosity, Say bolt Furol @ 25°C SFs | - | - | 20 | 100 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 450 | 50 | 450 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Storage Stability test, 24-h, % A | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | |||
| Demulsibility, 35 mL, 0.8 % Dioctyl sodium | - | - | 40 | - | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Particle charge test | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | |||||||||||||
| Sieve test, % A | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | |||
| Cement Mixing test, % | - | N/A | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | |||
| Coating ability and water resistance: | |||||||||||||||||
| Coating, dry aggregate | - | - | - | - | - | - | good | - | good | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Coating, after spraying | - | - | - | - | - | - | fair | - | fair | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Coating, wet aggregate | - | - | - | - | - | - | fair | - | fair | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Coating, after spraying | - | - | - | - | - | - | fair | - | fair | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Oil Distillate, by volume of emulsion, % | - | - | - | 3 | - | 3 | - | 12 | - | 12 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Residue % | 57 | - | 60 | - | 65 | - | 65 | - | 65 | - | 57 | - | 57 | - | |||
| Tests on residue from distillation test: | |||||||||||||||||
| Penetration @ 25°C, 100 grams, 5 Second | 40 | 30 | 100 | 250 | 100 | 250 | 100 | 250 | 40 | 90 | 100 | 250 | 40 | 90 | |||
| Ductility, 25°C 5 Cm/Min, Cm | 40 | - | 40 | - | 40 | - | 40 | - | 40 | - | 40 | - | 40 | - | |||
| Solubility in trichloroethylene, % | 97.5 | - | 97.5 | - | 97.5 | - | 97.5 | - | 97.5 | - | 97.5 | - | 97.5 | - | |||
